(2015) The Identification of Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Archaeological Human Bones and Teeth. The finding that significant quantities of PGs and GAGs persist in archaeological bones and teeth opens novel venues for the field of Paleontology.Ĭitation: Coulson-Thomas YM, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Norton AL, Gesteira TF, Cavalheiro RP, Meneghetti MCZ, et al. Staining patterns were different for juvenile and adult bones, whilst adolescent bones had a similar staining pattern to adult bones. The localization of CS, HA, three small leucine rich PGs (biglycan, decorin and fibromodulin) and glypican was analyzed in archaeological human bone slices. The GAG populations isolated were chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). PGs and GAGs were successfully extracted from both archaeological human bones and teeth, and characterized by their electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, degradation by specific enzymes and HPLC. We therefore optimized methods for the extraction of both PGs and GAGs from archaeological human skeletons. The ability to isolate and characterize PG and GAG content from archaeological skeletons would unveil valuable paleontological information. PGs and GAGs play a major role in bone morphogenesis, homeostasis and degenerative bone disease. DNA and proteins have been successfully extracted from archaeological skeletons from which valuable information has been obtained however, to date neither PGs nor glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains have been studied in archaeological skeletons. Extracellular matrix proteins and PGs bind tightly to hydroxyapatite which would protect these molecules from the destructive effects of temperature and chemical agents after death. Visit our crested gecko care Website for more information: tissue is mineralized dense connective tissue consisting mainly of a mineral component (hydroxyapatite) and an organic matrix comprised of collagens, non-collagenous proteins and proteoglycans (PGs). Avoid foods with a high phosphorus content. Too much phosphorous in a diet can prevent calcium being absorbed.UVB light can also help to prevent MBD, as it helps the gecko to absorb and utilise the calcium in its diet more efficiently.Provide a good staple gecko diet, we recommend Clarks or Repashy CGD powder.Dust live food with Nutrobal, Calcium, and/or Calcium D3.Gut load live food prior to feeding making them more nutritious.The best way to prevent MBD is to offer your crestie the correct diet. Hatchlings put a lot of calcium into bone growth, and breeding females use an extraordinary amount of calcium when producing eggs. In younger crested geckos and breeding females it is extra important to supplement feeding properly. MBD in its latter stages is a horrific sight to witness, and the gecko is twisted and contorted out of recognition. If a gecko with MBD falls from a height, broken bones are usually the result. Due to the weakening of the bones, MBD can also at its worst result in numerous broken bones.Ī gecko with MBD finds it more difficult to climb, and often lose the ‘stickiness’ on their feet and tail. MBD can also cause a weakening of the jaw, resulting in the crested gecko finding eating much more difficult. This often results in permanent disfigurement of the gecko, especially in the form of bumps, twists and dips in the spine and a rotating of the hips, causing the tail to flop or jut-out at an unusual angle. By using the reserves of calcium in its own body, the gecko’s skeleton is ‘warped’ and misshapen as the bones become very weak and pliable. MBD is a deficiency of calcium, which results in the gecko utilising the calcium reserves from its own body and skeleton to supplement this lack in calcium. We have a guide to Feeding crested geckos here Metabolic bone disease in crested geckos is most often caused due to a lack of the correct nutrients being provided in their diets. MBD: Metabolic Bone Disease in crested geckos:
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